Woodlouse hunter
| Woodlouse hunters | ||||||||||
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Cryptoparachtes Dasumia Dysdera Dysderocrates Folkia Harpactea Harpactocrates Holissus ''Hygrocrates Kaemis Mesostalita Minotauria Parachtes Parastalita Rhode Rhodera Sardostalita Speleoharpactea Stalagtia Stalita Stalitella Stalitochara Tedia |
The woodlouse hunters, sowbug-eating spiders or cell spiders, family Dysderidae, are araneomorph spiders found primarily in Eurasia, though extending into North Africa
Dysderids have six eyes. They are haplogyne, i.e. the females lack a sclerotized epigynum. There are a substantial number of genera, but two of them Dysdera and Harpactea account for a very large number of the species, and are widespread across the family's range. One species, Dysdera crocata (the woodlouse hunter), has been transported over much of the planet together with its preferred foods - sowbugs and pillbugs (or woodlice). Dysdera also feeds on beetles. These spiders have very large chelicerae, which they use to pierce the armored bodies of woodlice and beetles. There are also some reports that they have a mildly toxic venom that can cause local reactions in humans; with their huge fangs there is little doubt that they could bite if threatened, but the venom has not been well studied. It is probably wise not to handle these spiders.
The spiders have their six eyes arranged in a semicircle like segestrids, but have only the first two pairs of legs produced forward. Dysdera crocata has a characteristic coloring, which can only be confused with spiders in the corinnid genera Trachelas and Meriola: The carapace is dull red-brown and the abdomen gray or tan.