The U.S. state reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

U.S. state

A U.S. State is any one of the fifty states which have membership of the federation known as the United States of America (USA or US). The individual states and the US federal government share sovereignty. Under the United States Constitution, the federal government can legislate only on matters explicitly delegated to it by the Constitution, with the remaining governmental powers belonging to the states.

Table of contents

1 Map 2 List of states 3 History 4 Various facts about the states 5 Grouping of the states in regions 6 See also 7 External links

Map

List of states

The states, with their US postal abbreviations and capitals, are:

AL Alabama - Montgomery AK Alaska - Juneau AZ Arizona - Phoenix AR Arkansas - Little Rock CA California - Sacramento CO Colorado - Denver CT Connecticut - Hartford DE Delaware - Dover FL Florida - Tallahassee GA Georgia - Atlanta HI Hawaii - Honolulu ID Idaho - Boise IL Illinois - Springfield IN Indiana - Indianapolis IA Iowa - Des Moines KS Kansas - Topeka KY Kentucky - Frankfort LA Louisiana - Baton Rouge ME Maine - Augusta MD Maryland - Annapolis MA Massachusetts - Boston MI Michigan - Lansing MN Minnesota - Saint Paul MS Mississippi - Jackson MO Missouri - Jefferson City

MT Montana - Helena NC North Carolina - Raleigh ND North Dakota - Bismarck NE Nebraska - Lincoln NV Nevada - Carson City NH New Hampshire - Concord NJ New Jersey - Trenton NM New Mexico - Santa Fe NY New York - Albany OH Ohio - Columbus OK Oklahoma - Oklahoma City OR Oregon - Salem PA Pennsylvania - Harrisburg RI Rhode Island - Providence SC South Carolina - Columbia SD South Dakota - Pierre TN Tennessee - Nashville TX Texas - Austin UT Utah - Salt Lake City VT Vermont - Montpelier VA Virginia - Richmond WA Washington - Olympia WV West Virginia - Charleston WI Wisconsin - Madison WY Wyoming - Cheyenne

In addition to the states, several other areas belong to or have associations with the United States:

• AS American Samoa
• DC District of Columbia, which is the seat of the Federal government
• GU Guam
• MP Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth
• PR Puerto Rico, Commonwealth
• VI the U.S. Virgin Islands
• Midway Atoll
• Guantanamo Bay (the US has "complete jurisdiction and control" under a lease from Cuba, which retains ultimate sovereignty)

For a complete list of dependent areas and other territory under control of the U.S., see United States Dependent areas.

Unlike states, the authority to rule dependent areas comes not from the people of those areas but from the Federal government, however in most cases Congress has granted a large amount of self-rule.

History

At the time of the Declaration of Independence from Great Britain, 13 states existed. The United States Congress has the right/power to admit states to the Union.

The Constitution is silent on the issue of the secession of a state from the United States. The Civil War was fought to prevent states from leaving the Union. Some people claim that it is still not established whether any state can secede legally. Prior to the adoption of the Constitution, the Articles of Confederation stated that "the union shall be perpetual."

Various facts about the states

• Four of the states bear the formal title of Commonwealth: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. In these cases, this is merely a name and has no legal impact. However, the United States has non-state areas called commonwealths (Puerto Rico and the Northern Marianas) which do have a legal status different from the states.

• "Georgia" can refer to either a U.S. state or to an independent country in the Caucasus.

• The name "New York" can refer to any one of three geographical levels: a state, a city in that state, or a county (coterminous with the borough of Manhattan) in that city.

• "Washington" is a state, a city corresponding to the District of Columbia (and thus not part of any state), and a number of cities and counties in various states. The state Washington is the only one named after a U.S. President (or after a person born within the area now comprising the U.S., for that matter).

• One state at the time of joining the United States had the right to divide itself into up to five separate states. The treaty of annexation by which the Republic of Texas joined the United States in 1845 included this provision; the state of Texas arguably retains that right by virtue of the treaty.

• Only two states have state capitals named for the state (however, such name-sharing occurs commonly with states and provinces in some other countries, where the state or province actually often takes its name from a capital city): Oklahoma, with capital Oklahoma City, and Indiana, with capital Indianapolis (which means Indiana City).

• State names speak to the circumstances of their creation.
  • Southern states on the Atlantic coast originated as British colonies named after British monarchs: Georgia, the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland. Some northeastern states, also former British colonies, take their names from places in the British Isles: New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York.
  • Many later states reflect the names of indigenous Indian tribes: Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, the Dakotas, Mississippi, and more.
  • Many states in the southeast and southwest have Spanish names since Spain or Mexico controlled these territories at some stage: California, Colorado, Florida, Nevada, Texas, and perhaps Arizona, as well as, of course, New Mexico.

Grouping of the states in regions

States may be grouped in regions; there are endless variations and possible groupings, as most states are not defined by obvious geographic or cultural borders. For further discussion of regions of the U.S., see the list of regions of the United States.

See also

• List of U.S. states by date of statehood
• List of U.S. states by population
• List of U.S. states by area
• List of U.S. states by unemployment rate
• List of U.S. state nicknames
• List of U.S. state flags
• List of U.S. states that were never territories
• Etymological list of U.S. states
• Traditional U.S. state abbreviations
• List of regions of the United States
• List of state capitals and former capital cities in the United States
• Political divisions of the United States
• United States territory
• Geography of the United States
• Counties in the United States
• Insignia: songss, animalss, trees, mottos, slogans
• Codes: State codes, U.S. postal abbreviations, FIPS state code, ,

External links

• Enlarged map of northeast
• Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (in order of population)
• Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (alphabetical)

Political divisions of the United States

States Alabama | Alaska | Arizona | Arkansas | California | Colorado | Connecticut | Delaware | Florida | Georgia | Hawaii | Idaho | Illinois | Indiana | Iowa | Kansas | Kentucky | Louisiana | Maine | Maryland | Massachusetts | Michigan | Minnesota | Mississippi | Missouri | Montana | Nebraska | Nevada | New Hampshire | New Jersey | New Mexico | New York | North Carolina | North Dakota | Ohio | Oklahoma | Oregon | Pennsylvania | Rhode Island | South Carolina | South Dakota | Tennessee | Texas | Utah | Vermont | Virginia | Washington | West Virginia | Wisconsin | Wyoming Federal district District of Columbia Insular areas American Samoa | Baker Island | Guam | Howland Island | Jarvis Island | Johnston Atoll | Kingman Reef | Midway Atoll | Northern Mariana Islands | Palmyra Atoll | Puerto Rico | U.S. Virgin Islands | Wake Island

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