Teacher
In education, teachers in school are those who teach, give exams, and grade students. Teachers in college are called instructors or lecturers. In the U.S., teachers who are available to fill in for other teachers (due to illness, or planned absences) are known as "substitute teachers" (or more informally as "subs"); in Australia and New Zealand, they are known as "relieving teachers." Temporary substitute teachers in universities are usually in forms of multiple guest lecturers.A teacher who registers a student, or who is positioned to help the student in particular subject, is called a "tutor." A teacher or trainer from whom a student learns a great deal may be called a "mentor."
In the U.S., the term "professor" is usually applied to college or university teachers that have received tenure;although, there are rankings from Associate Professor through Full Professor that may be defined differently at various institutions.
Teachers who look after the whole school are called headteachers or principals. The equivalent in colleges and universities is called the dean. Teachers of this status rarely teach students. A teacher in a grammar or public school in Britain may also be a Head of House. Houses were also used in secondary and comprehensive schools.
Teachers are usually educated in universities or colleges, and must be certified by a government body to teach in public (U.S.) schools. One such institute is a normal school. In the UK, teachers in state schools must have Qualified Teacher Status. They get this through having completed a first degree program (such as a BA, BSc or BEd) After they have completed a first degree they can then complete a PGCE or train to be a teacher through on-the-job training at a school.
In traditional China, the model teacher, Confucius, is greatly revered.
An educationalist is an educational theorist, writer or researcher.
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Burks, M.P. REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION, Fifty-first Edition, 1986-87. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy, Task Force on Teaching as a Profession. A NATION PREPARED: TEACHERS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY. 1986. ED 268 120.
Feistritzer, C.E. THE CONDITION OF TEACHING, A STATE BY STATE ANALYSIS. Laurenceville, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985.
Holmes Group. TOMORROW'S TEACHERS: A REPORT OF THE HOLMES GROUP. 1986. ED 270 454.
Roth, R.R. and R. Mastain (Eds.). MANUAL ON CERTIFICATION AND PREPARATION OF EDUCATIONAL PERSONNEL IN THE UNITED STATES. Sacramento: National Association of State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification, 1984.
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