The Substrate reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

Substrate

The word substrate can mean the following:

• In biochemistry, a substrate (biochemistry) is a molecule undergoing a reaction, for which the presence of an enzyme lowers the activation energy. The substrate binds with the enzyme's active site, and the enzyme provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation enthalpy.
• In biology, a substrate is an environment in which an organism lives, and which it feeds on. For example, in many households, a bruised apple is a substrate for the growth of a fungus.
• In linguistics, a substrate or substratum refers to words borrowed from a language formerly spoken in a region, into the language currently spoken. For example, the French word chêne, meaning oak, is borrowed from the Gaulish language, a Celtic language formerly spoken in France.

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