The Submitochondrial particle reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

Submitochondrial particle

A submitochondrial particle is a compartmentalized membranous product of exposing mitochondria to ultrasound. This causes the cristae to pinch off, and it flips the inner mitochondrial membrane inside out. As a consequence, the F₁ particle is now exposed and on the outside. Using chaotropic agents such as urea, these particles can be removed, dissociating the related ATPase activity from the membrane. However, the electron transport complexes remain on the membrane.

If F₁ particles are removed from submitochondrial particles, they can be reconstituted by carefully removing the chaotropic agent.

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