Subdivisions of Russia
Russia is a federation which consists of 89 subjects (Russian: субъект(ы); English transliteration: subyekty, sing. subyekt). These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation - 2 delegates each - in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). However, they do differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. Each subject of the federation belongs to one of the following categories:
- 21 republics (Russian: республики, sing. республика; English transliteration: respubliki, sing. respublika) - most autonomous, each has its own constitution, parliament and president; represented by the central government in international affairs; usually home to a specific ethnic minority; in some of these, especially in the republic of Chechnya, separatist tendencies are quite strong.
- 49 regions (Russian: области, sing. область; English transliteration: oblasti, sing. oblast) - most common, regular administrative units.
- 6 territories (Russian: края, sing. край; English transliteration: kraya, sing. krai or kray, the latter being more gramatically correct, but less common) - similar to regions but usually more peripheral and less populated.
- 1 autonomous region (Russian: автономная область; English transliteration: avtonomnaya oblast).
- 10 autonomous districts (Russian: автономные округа, sing. автономный округ; English transliteration: avtonomnyye okruga, sing. avtonomny okrug) - more autonomous than regions but less than republics; usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
- 2 federal cities (Russian: федеральные города, sing. федеральный город; English transliteration: federalnyye goroda, sing. federalny gorod) - major cities that function as separate regions.
Some of these subjects will be merged into larger territories starting in 2004. The first new one to be formed will be the Perm Krai, comprising the current Perm Oblast and Autonomous district of the Komi-Permyaks. The new territory is scheduled to come into being on December 1, 2005. A referendum to decide on merging the Irkutsk Oblast with the Autonomous district of the Ust-Ordinsk Buryats into an Irkutsk Krai will be held in 2004. Other projects include incorporating the Autonomous districts of the Evenks and Taymyr into a larger Krasnoyarsk Krai; merging that of the Yamal Nenetses with the Tyumen Oblast to form a Tyumen Krai; combining the Autonomous district of the Aga Buryats with the Chita Oblast; and even merging the existing Arkhangelsk and Murmansk Oblasts, the Republic of Komi and the Autonomous district of the Nenetses to form a proposed Northern, or Arctic Krai, or a Republic of Pomors-Nenetses.
All of the subjects are grouped into seven federal districts (Russian: федеральные округа, sing. федеральный округ; English transliteration: federalnyye okruga, sing. federalny okrug), each administered by a governor appointed by the president of the federation:
- Central (Russian: Центральный; English transliteration: Tsentralny), capital Moscow
- Southern (Russian: Южный; English transliteration: Yuzhny), capital Rostov-na-Donu
- Northwestern (Russian: Северо-Западный; English transliteration: Severo-Zapadny), capital St. Petersburg
- Far Eastern (Russian: Дальневосточный; English transliteration: Dalnevostochny), capital Khabarovsk
- Siberian (Russian: Сибирский; English transliteration: Sibirsky), capital Novosibirsk
- Urals (Russian: Уральский; English transliteration: Uralsky), capital Yekaterinburg
- Privolzhsky (Volga) (Russian: Приволжский; English transliteration: Privolzhsky), capital Nizhny Novgorod
- Central (Russian: Центральный; English tranlsliteration: Tsentralny)
- Central-Chernozem (Russian: Центрально-чернозёмный; English tranlsliteration: Tsentralno-Chernozyomny)
- East Siberia (Russian: Восточная Сибирь; English tranlsliteration: Vostochnaya Sibir)
- Far East (Russian: Дальний Восток; English tranlsliteration: Dalny Vostok)
- North (Russian: Северный; English tranlsliteration: Severny)
- North Caucasus (Russian: Северный Кавказ; English tranlsliteration: Severny Kavkaz)
- Northwest (Russian: Северо-западный; English tranlsliteration: Severo-Zapadny)
- Povolzhe (Russian: Поволжье; English tranlsliteration: Povolzhye)(named indirectly after the Volga River)
- Urals (Russian: Урал; English tranlsliteration: Ural)
- Volga-Vyatka (Russian: Волго-Вятский; English tranlsliteration: Volgo-Vyatsky)
- West Siberia (Russian: Западная Сибирь; English tranlsliteration: Zapadnaya Sibir)
| No. | Abbr. | Subject of the federation | Capital city | Federal district | Economic region
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republics - республики - respubliki | |||||
| 01 | AD | Adygeya (Адыгея) | Maikop (Майкоп) | Southern | North Caucasus
|
| 02 | BA | Bashkortostan (Башкортостан) | Ufa (Уфа) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals
|
| 03 | BU | Buryatia (Бурятия) | Ulan-Ude (Улан-Удэ) | Siberian | East Siberia
|
| 04 | AL | Altay (Алтай) | Gorno-Altaysk (Горно-Алтайск) | Siberian | West Siberia
|
| 05 | DA | Dagestan (Дагестан) | Makhachkala (Махачкала) | Southern | North Caucasus
|
| 06 | IN | Ingushetia (Ингушская) | Nazran (Назрань) | Southern | North Caucasus
|
| 07 | KB | Kabardino-Balkaria (Кабардино-Балкарская) | Nalchik (Нальчик) | Southern | North Caucasus
|
| 08 | KL | Kalmykia (Калмыкия) | Elista (Элиста) | Southern | Povolzhe
|
| 09 | KC | Karachay-Cherkessia (Карачаево-Черкесская) | Cherkessk (Черкесск) | Southern | North Caucasus
|
| 10 | KR | Karelia (Карелия) | Petrozavodsk (Петрозаводск) | Northwestern | North
|
| 11 | KO | Komi (Коми) | Syktyvkar (Сыктывкар) | Northwestern | North
|
| 12 | ME | Mari-El (Марий-Эл) | Yoshkar-Ola (Йошкар-Ола) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka
|
| 13 | MO | Mordovia (Мордовия) | Saransk (Саранск) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka
|
| 14 | SA | Sakha (Yakutia) (Саха (Якутия)) | Yakutsk (Якутск) | Far Eastern | Far East
|
| 15 | SE | North Ossetia (Alania) (Северная Осетия) | Vladikavkaz (Владикавказ) | Southern | North Caucasus
|
| 16 | TA | Tatarstan (Татарстан) | Kazan (Казань) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhe
|
| 17 | TY | Tuva (Тува) | Kyzyl (Кызыл) | Siberian | West Siberia
|
| 18 | UD | Udmurtia (Удмуртская) | Izhevsk (Ижевск) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals
|
| 19 | KK | Khakassia (Хакасия) | Abakan (Абакан) | Siberian | West Siberia
|
| 20 | CE | Chechnya (Чеченская) | Grozny (Грозный) | Southern | North Caucasus
|
| 21 | CU | Chuvashia (Чувашская (Чаваш)) | Cheboksary (Чебоксары) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka
|
| Territories - края - kraya | |||||
| 22 | ALT | Altaysky (Алтайский) | Barnaul (Барнаул) | Siberian | West Siberia
|
| 23 | KDA | Krasnodarsky (Краснодарский) | Krasnodar (Краснодар) | Southern | North Caucasus
|
| 24 | KYA | Krasnoyarsky (Красноярский) | Krasnoyarsk (Красноярск) | Siberian | East Siberia
|
| 25 | PRI | Primorsky (Maritime) (Приморский) | Vladivostok (Владивосток) | Far Eastern | Far East
|
| 26 | STA | Stavropolsky (Ставропольский) | Stavropol (Ставрополь) | Southern | North Caucasus
|
| 27 | KHA | Khabarovsky (Хабаровский) | Khabarovsk (Хабаровск) | Far Eastern | Far East
|
| Regions - области - oblasti | |||||
| 28 | AMU | Amurskaya (Амурская) | Blagoveshchensk (Благовещенск) | Far Eastern | Far East
|
| 29 | ARK | Archangelskaya (Архангельская) | Archangelsk (Архангельск) | Northwestern | North
|
| 30 | AST | Astrakhanskaya (Астраханская) | Astrakhan (Астрахань) | Southern | Povolzhe
|
| 31 | BEL | Belgorodskaya (Белгородская) | Belgorod (Белгород) | Central | Central-Chernozem
|
| 32 | BRY | Bryanskaya (Брянская) | Bryansk (Брянск) | Central | Central
|
| 33 | VLA | Vladimirskaya (Владимирская) | Vladimir (Владимир) | Central | Central
|
| 34 | VGG | Volgogradskaya (Волгоградская) | Volgograd (Волгоград) | Southern | Povolzhe
|
| 35 | VLG | Vologodskaya (Вологодская) | Vologda (Вологда) | Northwestern | North
|
| 36 | VOR | Voronezhskaya (Воронежская) | Voronezh (Воронеж) | Central | Central-Chernozem
|
| 37 | IVA | Ivanovskaya (Ивановская) | Ivanovo (Иваново) | Central | Central
|
| 38 | IRK | Irkutskaya (Иркутская) | Irkutsk (Иркутск) | Siberian | East Siberia
|
| 39 | KGD | Kaliningradskaya (Калининградская) | Kaliningrad (Калининград) | Northwestern | Northwest
|
| 40 | KLU | Kaluzhskaya (Калужская) | Kaluga (Калуга) | Central | Central
|
| 41 | KAM | Kamchatskaya (Камчатская) | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Петропавловск-Камчатский) | Far Eastern | Far East
|
| 42 | KEM | Kemerovskaya (Кемеровская) | Kemerovo (Кемерово) | Siberian | West Siberia
|
| 43 | KIR | Kirovskaya (Кировская) | Kirov (Киров) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka
|
| 44 | KOS | Kostromskaya (Костромская) | Kostroma (Кострома) | Central | Central
|
| 45 | KGN | Kurganskaya (Курганская) | Kurgan (Курган) | Urals | Urals
|
| 46 | KRS | Kurskaya (Курская) | Kursk (Курск) | Central | Central-Chernozem
|
| 47 | LEN | Leningradskaya (Ленинградская) | St. Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург) | Northwestern | Northwest
|
| 48 | LIP | Lipetskaya (Липецкая) | Lipetsk (Липецк) | Central | Central-Chernozem
|
| 49 | MAG | Magadanskaya (Магаданская) | Magadan (Магадан) | Far Eastern | Far East
|
| 50 | MOS | Moskovskaya (Московская) | Moscow (Москва) | Central | Central
|
| 51 | MUR | Murmanskaya (Мурманская) | Murmansk (Мурманск) | Northwestern | North
|
| 52 | NIZ | Nizhegorodskaya (Нижегородская) | Nizhny Novgorod (Нижний Новгород) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka
|
| 53 | NGR | Novgorodskaya (Новгородская) | Novgorod (Новгород) | Northwestern | Northwest
|
| 54 | NVS | Novosibirskaya (Новосибирская) | Novosibirsk (Новосибирск) | Siberian | West Siberia
|
| 55 | OMS | Omskaya (Омская) | Omsk (Омск) | Siberian | West Siberia
|
| 56 | ORE | Orenburgskaya (Оренбургская) | Orenburg (Оренбург) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals
|
| 57 | ORL | Orlovskaya (Орловская) | Oryol (Орёл) | Central | Central
|
| 58 | PNZ | Penzenskaya (Пензенская) | Penza (Пенза) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhe
|
| 59 | PER | Permskaya (Пермская) | Perm (Пермь) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals
|
| 60 | PSK | Pskovskaya (Псковская) | Pskov (Псков) | Northwestern | Northwest
|
| 61 | ROS | Rostovskaya (Ростовская) | Rostov-na-Donu (Ростов) | Southern | North Caucasus
|
| 62 | RYA | Ryazanskaya (Рязанская) | Ryazan (Рязань) | Central | Central
|
| 63 | SAM | Samarskaya (Самарская) | Samara, Russia (Самара) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhe
|
| 64 | SAR | Saratovskaya (Саратовская) | Saratov (Саратов) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhe
|
| 65 | SAK | Sakhalinskaya (Сахалинская) | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Южно-Сахалинск) | Far Eastern | Far East
|
| 66 | SVE | Sverdlovskaya (Свердловская) | Yekaterinburg (Екатеринбург) | Urals | Urals
|
| 67 | SMO | Smolenskaya (Смоленская) | Smolensk (Смоленск) | Central | Central
|
| 68 | TAM | Tambovskaya (Тамбовская) | Tambov (Тамбов) | Central | Central-Chernozem
|
| 69 | TVE | Tverskaya (Тверская) | Tver (Тверь) | Central | Central
|
| 70 | TOM | Tomskaya (Томская) | Tomsk (Томск) | Siberian | West Siberia
|
| 71 | TUL | Tulskaya (Тульская) | Tula (Тула) | Central | Central
|
| 72 | TYU | Tyumenskaya (Тюменская) | Tyumen (Тюмень) | Urals | West Siberia
|
| 73 | ULY | Ulyanovskaya (Ульяновская) | Ulyanovsk (Ульяновск) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhe
|
| 74 | CHE | Chelyabinskaya (Челябинская) | Chelyabinsk (Челябинск) | Urals | Urals
|
| 75 | CHI | Chitinskaya (Читинская) | Chita (Чита) | Siberian | East Siberia
|
| 76 | YAR | Yaroslavskaya (Ярославская) | Yaroslavl (Ярославль) | Central | Central
|
| Federal cities - федеральные города - federalnyye goroda | |||||
| 77 | MOW | Moscow (Москва) | Central | Central
| |
| 78 | SPE | St. Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург) | Northwestern | Northwest
| |
| Autonomous region - автономная область - avtonomnaya oblast | |||||
| 79 | YEV | Jewish (Еврейская) | Birobidzhan (Биробиджан) | Far Eastern | Far East
|
| Autonomous districts - автономные округа - avtonomnyye okruga | |||||
| 80 | AGB | Aga Buryatia (Агинский-Бурятский) | Aginskoye (Агинское) | Siberian | East Siberia
|
| 81 | KOP | Permyakia (Коми-Пермяцкий) | Kudymkar (Кудымкар) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals
|
| 82 | KOR | Koryakia (Корякский) | Palaba (Палаба) | Far Eastern | Far East
|
| 83 | NEN | Nenetsia (Ненецкий) | Naryan-Mar (Нарьян-Мар) | Northwestern | North
|
| 84 | TAY | Taymyria (Таймырский (Долгано-Ненецкий)) | Dudinka (Дудинка) | Siberian | East Siberia
|
| 85 | UOB | Ust-Orda Buryatia (Усть-Ордынский Бурятский) | Ust-Ordynsky (Усть-Ордынский) | Siberian | East Siberia
|
| 86 | KHM | Khantia-Mansia (Ханты-Мансийский) | Khanty-Mansiysk (Ханты-Мансийск) | Urals | West Siberia
|
| 87 | CHU | Chukotka (Чукотский) | Anadyr (Анадырь) | Far Eastern | Far East
|
| 88 | EVE | Evenkia (Эвенкийский) | Tura (Тура) | Siberian | East Siberia
|
| 89 | YAN | Yamalia (Ямало-Ненецкий) | Salekhard (Салехард) | Urals | West Siberia |
See also: list of subjects by federal district.
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