The Single reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004
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Single

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In music, a single is a song considered commercially viable enough by the artist and record company to be released separately from an album, usually featuring on an album as well. It is often accompanied by several "B-sides"—usually remixes or songs which did not make it onto the album. See also: 45.

In the UK, a single must meet certain criteria:

Anything which exceeds these requirements is categorised as an EP or an album.

See also: List of best selling singles