Scrophulariaceae
| Scrophulariaceae | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification |
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| Genera | |
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Agalinis Raf. -- false foxglove Alectra Thunb. Amphianthus Torr. Angelonia Humb. & Bonpl. -- angelon Antirrhinum L. -- snapdragon Aureolaria Raf. -- false foxglove Bacopa Aubl. -- water hyssop, waterhyssop Bartsia L. Bellardia All. -- lineseed Besseya Rydb. -- kittentail Brachystigma Pennell -- desert foxglove Buchnera L. -- bluehearts Calceolaria L. -- slipperwort Capraria L. Castilleja Mutis -- Indian paintbrush Chaenorhinum Reichenb. -- dwarf snapdragon Chaenorrhinum Reichenb. Chelone L. -- turtlehead Chionophila Benth. -- snowlover Collinsia Nutt. -- blue eyed mary, blue-eyed mary Cordylanthus Nutt. -- bird's beak, bird's-beak Cymbalaria Hill -- ivy-leaved toadflax Dasistoma Raf. Digitalis L. -- foxglove Diplacus Nutt. -- bush monkeyflower Dopatrium Buch.-Ham. Epixiphium Munz Euphrasia L. -- eyebright Galvezia Dombey Gambelia Nutt. -- greenbright Gerardia Glossostigma Wight & Arn. Gratiola L. -- hedge hyssop, hedgehyssop Hebe Comm. Hemianthus Nutt. Holmgrenanthe Elisens -- rocklady Howelliella Rothm. Ilysanthes Keckiella Straw Kickxia Dumort. -- cancerwort, kickxia Lagotis Gaertn. Latharea L. -- e.g., Toothwort Lendneria Minod Leucophyllum Bonpl. -- barometerbush Leucospora Nutt. Limnophila R. Br. -- marshweed Limosella L. -- mudwort Linaria P. Mill. -- toadflax Lindernia All. -- false pimpernel Lophospermum D. Don Mabrya Elisens Macranthera Nutt. Maurandella Rothm. Maurandya Ortega Mazus Lour. Mecardonia Ruiz & PavÃÂón Melampyrum L. -- cowwheat Micranthemum Michx. -- mudflower Mimetanthe Greene Mimulus L. -- monkey-flower, monkeyflower Misopates Raf. Mohavea Gray Nemesia Vent. Neogaerrhinum Rothm. Nothochelone Straw Nuttallanthus D.A. Sutton -- toadflax Odontites Ludwig Orobanche L. Orthocarpus Nutt. -- owl's-clover, owlclover Parentucellia Viviani -- glandweed Paulownia Sieb. & Zucc. Pedicularis L. -- lousewort Penstemon Schmidel -- beard tongue, beardtongue Pseudorontium Rothm. Rehmannia Libosch. Rhinanthus L. -- rattleweed, yellowrattle Russelia Jacq. Sairocarpus D.A. Sutton -- snapdragon Schistophragma Benth. Schwalbea L. -- schwalbea Scoparia L. -- licorice weed Scrophularia L. -- figwort Seymeria Pursh -- black senna Stemodia L. -- twintip Striga Lour. -- witchweed Synthyris Benth. -- kittentails Tomanthera Tonella Nutt. Torenia L. Triphysaria Fisch. & C.A. Mey. -- owl's-clover Verbascum L. -- mullein Veronica L. -- speedwell Veronicastrum Heister and about 130-200 more. Ref: ITIS 33005 For full list see Kew |
Scrophulariaceae is a family of plants, comprising about 220-300 genera and about 4000-4500 species, depending on taxonomic interpretation. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.
The family includes many medicinal plants, among them:
- Bacopa, water hyssop
- Chelone, turtlehead
- Digitalis, foxgloves (toxic!)
- Euphrasia, eyebrights
- Gratiola, hedge hyssop
- Leptandra, Black root, Culver's root, Leptandra)
- Linaria, toadflaxes
- Rehmannia, Chinese foxglove, used in Traditional Chinese medicine
- Scrophularia, figworts
- Verbascum, mulleins
- Veronica, speedwells
- Melampyrum, cow-wheats
- Pedicularis, wood betony, louseworts
Tight-lipped species of both Antirrhinum and Linaria can be made to open their jaws by pressing on the hinges of single plucked flowers. This is fascinating to young children, especially when accompanied by appropriate sound effects: "woof woof" for the smaller toadflaxes, and dragon-like roars for the larger snapdragons.
Orobanche is sometimes placed in its own family, Orobanchaceae.