The Retroflex consonant reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

Retroflex consonant

Retroflex consonants are consonants articulated with the tip of the tongue is curled up. Retroflex consonants are common in many Indian languages.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the symbols for retroflex consonants are typically the same as for the alveolar consonants, but with the addition of a right-facing hook to the bottom of the symbol. The retroflex consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are:

IPA Symbol	Name	Example		Meaning
ʈ	Voiceless retroflex plosive
ɖ	Voiced retroflex plosive
ɳ	retroflex nasal
ʂ	Voiceless retroflex fricative
ʐ	Voiced retroflex fricative
ɻ	retroflex approximant
ɭ	retroflex lateral approximant

See also

• place of articulation
• List of phonetics topics

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