Republic of Taiwan
The Republic of Taiwan (臺灣共和國) can refer to two different concepts.
One is short lived republic (Republic of Formosa; 臺灣民主國) that existed on Taiwan in 1895, between the removal of Qing forces and the establishment of Japanese control of the island. (See History of Taiwan)
The second refers to a goal of Taiwan independence in creating a Taiwanese state unambiguously separate from China, covering the areas currently controlled by the Republic of China (i.e., Taiwan, Penghu, Quemoy and Matsu Islands).
Presidents of the Republic of Taiwan