Plankton
Photomontage of plankton organisms
Plankton is the aggregate community of weakly swimming or drifting small organisms that inhabit the water column of the ocean and bodies of freshwater. The name comes from the Greek term, —meaning "wanderer" or "drifter". While some forms of plankton can move several hundreds of meters vertically in a single day (a behavior called diel vertical migration), their horizontal position is mostly determined by water motions (currents) in the body of water they inhabit. Larger organisms, such as squid, fish, and marine mammals that can control their horizontal movement and swim against the average flow of the water environment, are called nekton. The study of plankton is termed planktology.
Plankton are divided into two functional groups:
- Phytoplankton (from Greek phyton or "plant") – algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis;
- Zooplankton (from Greek zoo or "animal") – small protozoa, crustaceans, copepods, krill, etc. that feed on phytoplankton or on other zooplankton; also in the zooplankton are eggs and larvae from larger aquatic animals (notably fishes, crustaceans, and annelids).
A hyperiid amphipod
(Hyperia macrocephala)
- See also: algal bloom