Paraphilia
Paraphilia(s) is a mental health term for as arousal in response to sexual objects or situations that are not part of normative arousal/activity patterns, and that in varying degrees may interfere with the capacity for reciprocal affectionate sexual activity.
Many of these responses are often considered perversions or psychosexual disorders in various societies, and how to regard these behaviors is a controversial matter in all situations. The term "paraphilia" is seldom used, but it is seen by some as aiding objectivity in regard to kinds of behavior that are generally regarded as taboo, and are shunned, criminalized, or even punished by death. It has been used by Sigmund Freud as early as 1894, as well as by the sexologist John Money.
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2 Non-consensual and criminal paraphilias 3 Common paraphilias 4 Other paraphilias 5 See also 6 External links |
Overview
What is considered to be "perversion" or "deviation" varies from society to society. Paraphilias are often called sexual perversions or sexual deviancy with negative connotations or kinky sex with more positive connotations. Many paraphilias have been and/or are currently crimes in some jurisdictions and many people view them as sins. Since the development of psychology attempts have been made to characterize them in terms of their etiology and in terms of the ways they change the functioning of individuals in social situations. Some behaviors that might be classified as paraphilias by some subsets of society may be viewed as harmless eccentricities by other subsets of society.
Some paraphilias are defined as potential mental disorders in the DSM-IV. These are:
- exhibitionism: deriving sexual pleasure from being watched
- fetishism: sexual attraction to particular objects
- frotteurism: deriving sexual pleasure from rubbing against other people
- masochism: deriving sexual pleasure from sexual submission
- pedophilia: sexual attraction to children
- sadism: deriving sexual pleasure from inflicting pain
- voyeurism: deriving sexual pleasure from watching others
Observation of paraphiliac behavior has provided valuable scientific information on the mechanisms of sexual attraction and desire, such as behavioral imprinting. Careful investigation has also led to the tentative conclusions that normal biological processes may sometimes be manifested in idiosyncratic ways in at least some of the paraphilias, and that these unusual manifestations are frequently associated with unusual (and especially traumatic) events associated with early sexual experience.
The paraphilias listed below are either non-consensual or, if acted out, criminal in most jurisdictions.
The following paraphilias are sufficiently common in the general population to be frequently observed in clinical literature, as well as being able to support entire sub-genres of mainstream commercial pornography.
Non-consensual exhibitionism in public places, where people who have not previously consented to watch are exposed to sexual display, is also an offense in most jurisdictions. (See indecent exposure).
Note: Wikipedia does not give legal advice.
The paraphilias listed below are less common.
The supposed paraphilia of autogynephilia, or sexual pleasure from perceiving oneself as a woman, has been proposed as a motivation for transgender behavior, but is generally regarded as theoretical in nature. It is not well accepted.
Non-consensual and criminal paraphilias
Common paraphilias
Note that non-consensual sadomasochistic acts may consititute assault, and therefore belong in the list above. Some jurisdictions criminalize sadomasochistic acts, regardless of consent. Other paraphilias
There are also many other rare paraphilias.See also
External links