Nancy Astor
Nancy Witcher Astor (May 19, 1879 - May 2, 1964) was a socialite politician and a member of the prominent Astor family.
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On the death of her father-in-law, her husband received the hereditary title of Lord Astor and she became Viscountess Astor. Her husband automatically became a member of the House of Lords and as a result of this appointment he was required to give up his seat in the House of Commons. Nancy Astor then became the Conservative Party candidate in the required by-election. Elected on November 28, 1919, in December she became the second woman elected, and the first to take a seat, in the House of Commons. She would be re-elected many times, serving until 1945. She attracted much attention as she was the first woman member to actually take her seat, since the first elected female member in 1918, Constance Markiewicz, had chosen not to take her seat.
During the military buildup by Adolf Hitler in Germany in the 1930s, Nancy Astor recognized the vulnerability of the weak British military, believing that war would most certainly bring defeat. Her promotion of entente with Germany was seen by some as appeasement of Hitler and led to much criticism of her position. However, Nancy Astor was often fiercely critical of the Nazis, and her husband had protested to Hitler about his treatment of the Jews. In 1940 she urged Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain to resign and supported Churchill as his replacement. Her son, David Astor, who became editor/owner of The Observer newspaper, would never forgive Claud Cockburn and his newssheet "The Week" for spreading lies about the "Cliveden Set."
Nancy Astor died at her home in Cliveden, Berkshire, England in 1964