The Mining reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004
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Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals from the ground, usually from an ore body or vein.

Materials commonly recovered by mining include bauxite, coal, copper, diamonds, iron (from haematite and limonite), gold, lead, manganese, magnesium, nickel, phosphate, platinum, salt, silver, tin, titanium, uranium, and zinc.

Table of contents
1 History
2 Mining techniques
3 Environmental effects
4 See also
5 Further reading

History

The first mining operation on Earth may have been the turquoise mine operated by the ancient Egyptians at Wady Maghareh on the Sinai Peninsula. Turquoise was also mined in pre-Columbian America in the Cerillos Mining District in New Mexico, where a mass of rock 200 feet in depth and 300 feet in width was removed with stone tools; the mine dump covers 20 acres.

Mining techniques

Bioleaching is the application of naturally available bacteria to extract metals from their ore.

Environmental effects

Mining is often devastating to the environment of the local area. This is due to the massive scale of the rearrangement of minerals and chemicals that are in the earth, causing unnatural concentrations of such elements. Combined with the effects of water and the new 'channels' created for water to travel through, collect in, and its contact with these chemicals, a situation is created where mass-scale contamination can occur.

Some examples of mine problems:

Tar Creek, an abandoned mine in Northeastern Oklahoma that is now an Environmental Protection Agency superfund site. Water in the mine has leaked through into local groundwater, contaminating it with metals such as lead and cadmium. [1]

Scouriotissa, a copper mine in Cyprus that has been abandoned. Contaminated dust blows off this site.

Berkeley Lake, an abandoned pit mine in Butte, Montana that has filled with water which is now acidic and poisonous.

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See also

Further reading