Loon
| Divers | ||||||||||||
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 Great Northern Diver | ||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||
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| Species | ||||||||||||
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Gavia stellata Gavia arctica Gavia pacifica Gavia immer Gavia adamsii |
The loon or diver is a type of aquatic bird found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. A loon is the size of a large duck, to which it is unrelated; its plumage is largely grey or black, and it has a spear-shaped bill. The loons compose a genus (Gavia), family (Gaviidae), and order (Gaviiformes) all their own.
These were previously considered the most ancient of the northern hemisphere bird families, but it has recently become clear that the Anseriformes (ducks, geese and swans) and the Galliformes (the pheasants and their allies) are older groups.
The European name diver comes from the bird's habit of catching fish by swimming calmly along the surface and then abruptly plunging into the water; the North American name loon comes from the bird's haunting, yodeling cry, a symbol of the Canadian wilds.
Loons swim well, and fly adequately, but are almost hopeless on land, and the larger loons have difficulty taking off, becoming airborne only after skimming the surface of the water for a couple of hundred meters. Because these birds locate their prey underwater mainly by sight, they prefer lakes with clear water.
Loons breed on inland freshwater lakes and ponds, but move to the coasts in winter, and often move much further south. The nest is usually a mound of plant material close to water. A pair may mate for life.
There are five species of loon:
- Order Gaviiformes
- Family Gaviidae
- Red-throated Diver or Red-throated Loon, Gavia stellata.
- Black-throated Diver or Arctic Loon, Gavia arctica.
- Pacific Diver or Pacific Loon, Gavia pacifica (treated by some authorities as a subspecies of G. arctica).
- Great Northern Diver or Common Loon, Gavia immer.
- White-billed Diver or Yellow-billed Loon, Gavia adamsii.
- Family Gaviidae