| Compound | Comments | In whole blood(gm/cmÃÂó) | In plasma or serum(gm/cmÃÂó) |
|---|
| Water | Solvent | 0.81-0.86 | 0.93-0.95 |
| Acetoacetate | Produced in liver | 8-40 x 10-7 | 4-43 x 10-7 |
| Acetone | product of bodyfat breakdown | - | 3-20 x 10-6 |
| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter | - | 6.6-8.2 x 10-8 |
| Adenosine triphosphate | Energy storage | - | - |
| " | total | 3.1-5.7 x 10-4 | - |
| " | phosphorus | 5-10 x 10-5 | - |
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | Stimulates the adrenal cortex | - | 2.5-12 x 10-11 |
| " | @ 6AM, mean | - | 5.5 x 10-11 |
| " | @ 6AM, maximum | - | 12 x 10-11
|
| " | @ 6PM, mean | - | 3.5 x 10-11 |
| " | @ 6PM, maximum | - | <7.5 x 10-11 |
| Alanine | Amino acid | 2.7-5.5 x 10-5 | 2.4-7.6 x 10-5 |
| Albumin | Blood plasma protein | - | 3.5-5.2 x 10-2 |
| Aluminum | - | 1-40 x 10-8 | 1-88 x 10-8 |
| Aldosterone | Regulates electrolyte balance | - | - |
| " | supine | - | 3-10 x 10-11 |
| " | standing, male | - | 6-22 x 10-11 |
| " | standing, female | - | 5-30 x 10-11 |
| Amino acids | Protein building blocks | - | - |
| " | total | 3.8-5.3 x 10-4 | - |
| " | nitrogen | 4.6-6.8 x 10-5 | 3.0-5.5 x 10-5 |
| alpha-Aminobutyric acid | - | 1-2 x 10-6 | 1-2 x 10-6 |
| d-Aminolevulinic acid | - | - | 1.5-2.3 x 10-7 |
| Ammonia nitrogen | - | 1-2 x 10-6 | 1.0-4.9 x 10-7 |
| cAMP | Intracellular signal transduction molecule | - | - |
| " | male | - | 5.6-10.9 x 10-9 |
| " | female | - | 3.6-8.9 x 10-9 |
| Androstenedione | Steroid hormone | | - |
| " | male >18 yrs | - | 2-30 x 10-10 |
| " | female >18 yrs | - | 8-30 x 10-10 |
| Androsterone | Steroid hormone | - | 1.5 x 10-7 |
| Angiotensin I | Angiotensin II precursor | - | 1.1-8.8 x 10-11 |
| Angiotensin II (Renin) | Vasocontrictor | - | 1.2-3.6 x 10-11 |
| Alpha 1-antitrypsin | Serine protease inhibitor | - | 7.8-20 x 10-4 |
| Arginine | Amino acid | 6-17 x 10-6 | 1.3-3.6 x 10-5 |
| Arsenic | - | - | - |
| " | normal range | 2-62 x 10-9 | - |
| " | chronic poisoning | 100-500 x 10-9 | - |
| " | acute poisoning | 600-9300 x 10-9 | - |
| Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | Important vitamin | 1-15 x 10-6 | 6-20 x 10-6 |
| Aspartic acid | Amino acid | - | 0-3 x 10-6 |
| Aspartic acid (in WBCs) | - | 2.5-4.0 x 10-4 | 9-12 x 10-6 |
| Bicarbonate | Buffer in blood | - | 5-5.7 x 10-4 |
| Bile acids | Digestive function, bilirubin excretion | 2-30 x 10-6 | 3-30 x 10-6 |
| Bilirubin | Hemoglobin metabolite | 2-14 x 10-6 | 1-10 x 10-6 |
| Biotin (Vitamin H) | Gluconeogenesis,metabolize leucine,fatty acid synthesis | 7-17 x 10-9 | 9-16 x 10-9 |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | - | - | 8-23 x 10-5 |
| Bradykinin | - | - | 7 x 10-11 |
| Bromide | - | - | 7-10 x 10-9 |
| Cadmium | - | - | - |
| " | normal | 1-5 x 10-9 | - |
| " | toxic | 0.1-3 x 10-6 | - |
| Calciferol (Vitamin D2) | Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels | - | 1.7-4.1 x 10-8 |
| Calcitonin (CT) | Hormone | - | <1.0 x 10-10 |
| Calcium | Bones, Ca2+ | - | - |
| " | ionized | 4.48-4.92 x 10-5 | 4.25-5.25 x 10-5 |
| " | total | - | 8.4-11.5 x 10-5 |
| Carbon dioxide | Respiratory gas | - | - |
| " | arterial | 8.8-10.8 x 10-4 | 3.0-7.9 x 10-5 |
| " | venous | 9.8-11.8 x 10-4 | 3.3-8.3 x 10-5 |
| Carbon monoxide(as HbCO) | - | - | - |
| " | nonsmokers | 0.5-1.5% total Hb | - |
| " | smokers, 1-2 packs/day | 4-5% total Hb | - |
| " | smokers, 2 packs/day | 8-9% total Hb | - |
| " | toxic | >20% total Hb | - |
| " | lethal | >50% total Hb | - |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen | - | - | <2.5 x 10-9 |
| beta-Carotene | Vitamin A dimer | - | 3-25 x 10-7 |
| Carotenoids | Antioxidant | 2.4-23.1 x 10-7 | - |
| Cephalin | - | 3-11.5 x 10-4 | 0-1 x 10-4 |
| Ceruloplasmin | - | - | 1.5-6 x 10-4 |
| Chloride, as NaCl | - | 4.5-5 x 10-3 | 3.5-3.8 x 10-3 |
| Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | - | - | - |
| " | 1, 25-dihydroxy | - | 2.5-4.5 x 10-11 |
| " | 24,25-dihydroxy | - | 1.5 x 10-9 |
| " | 25-hydroxy | - | 1.4-8 x 10-8 |
| Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) | Stimulates fat and protein digestion | - | 6.04 x 10-11 |
| Cholesterol | Steroid lipid | - | - |
| " | LDLC | - | 0.5-2.0 x 10-3 |
| " | HDLC | - | 2.9-9.0 x 10-4 |
| " | total | 1.15-2.25 x 10-3 | 1.2-2 x 10-3 |
| Choline, total | - | 1.1-3.1 x 10-4 | 3.6-3.5 x 10-4 |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy | - | - |
| " | Menstrual | - | 0-3 x 10-11 |
| " | Pregnancy, 1st trimester | - | 5-3300 x 10-10 |
| " | Pregnancy, 2nd trimester | - | 20-1000 x 10-10 |
| " | Pregnancy, 3rd trimester | - | 20-50 x 10-10 |
| " | Menopausal | - | 3-30 x 10-11 |
| Citric acid | - | 1.3-2.5 x 10-5 | 1.6-3.2 x 10-5 |
| Citrulline | - | - | 2-10 x 10-6 |
| Coagulation Factors | - | - | - |
| " | Fibrinogen | 1.2-1.6 x 10-3 | 2-4 x 10-3 |
| " | Prothrombin | - | 1 x 10-4 |
| " | Tissue thromboplastin | - | 1 x 10-6 |
| " | Proaccelerin | - | 5-12 x 10-6 |
| " | Proconvertin | - | 1 x 10-6 |
| " | Antihemophilic factor | - | 1 x 10-7 |
| " | Christmas factor | - | 4 x 10-6 |
| " | Stuart factor | - | 5 x 10-6 |
| " | Plasma thrmb. anteced. | - | 4 x 10-6 |
| " | Hageman factor | - | 2.9 x 10-5 |
| " | Fibrin stabilizing factor | - | 1 x 10-5 |
| " | Fibrin split products | - | <1 x 10-5 |
| " | Fletcher factor | - | 5 x 10-5 |
| " | Fitzgerald factor | - | 7 x 10-5 |
| " | von Willebrand factor | - | 7 x 10-6 |
| Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) | Needed for nerve cells, red blood cells, and to make DNA | 6-14 x 10-10 | 1-10 x 10-10 |
| Cocarboxylase | - | - | 7-9 x 10-8 |
| Complement system | - | - | - |
| " | C1q | - | 5.8-7.2 x 10-5 |
| " | C1r | - | 2.5-3.8 x 10-5 |
| " | C1s (C1 esterase) | - | 2.5-3.8 x 10-5 |
| " | C2 | - | 2.2-3.4 x 10-5 |
| " | C3( b1C-globulin) | - | 8-15.5 x 10-4 |
| " | Factor B (C3 proactivator) | - | 2-4.5 x 10-4 |
| " | C4 (b1E-globulin) | - | 1.3-3.7 x 10-4 |
| " | C4 binding protein | - | 1.8-3.2 x 10-4 |
| " | C5 (b1F-globulin) | - | 5.1-7.7 x 10-5 |
| " | C6 | - | 4.8-6.4 x 10-5 |
| " | C7 | - | 4.9-7 x 10-5 |
| " | C8 | - | 4.3-6.3 x 10-5 |
| " | C9 | - | 4.7-6.9 x 10-5 |
| " | Properdin | - | 2.4-3.2 x 10-5 |
| Compound S | - | - | 1-3 x 10-9 |
| Copper | - | 9-15 x 10-7 | - |
| " | male | - | 7-14 x 10-7 |
| " | female | - | 8-15.5 x 10-7 |
| Corticosteroids | Steroid hormones | - | 1-4 x 10-6 |
| Corticosterone | - | - | 4-20 x 10-9 |
| Cortisol | Inhibits CRH secretion | - | 3-23 x 10-8 |
| " | 8 AM | - | 6-23 x 10-8 |
| " | 4 PM | - | 3-15 x 10-8 |
| " | 10 PM | - | ~50% of 8 AM value |
| C-peptide | - | - | - |
| " | fasting | - | 0.5-2.0 x 10-9 |
| " | maximum | - | 4 x 10-9 |
| C-reactive protein | Plasma protein | - | 6.8-820 x 10-8 |
| Creatine | Assists mucle cell energy supply | - | - |
| " | male | - | 1.7-5.0 x 10-6 |
| " | female | - | 3.5-9.3 x 10-6 |
| Creatinine | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 0.8-1.5 x 10-5 |
| " | female | - | 0.7-1.2 x 10-5 |
| Cyanide | - | - | - |
| " | nonsmokers | - | 4 x 10-9 |
| " | smokers | - | 6 x 10-9
|
| " | nitroprusside therapy | - | 10-60 x 10-9 |
| " | toxic | - | >100 x 10-9 |
| " | lethal | - | >1000 x 10-9 |
| Cysteine | Amino acid | 6-12 x 10-6 | 1.8-5 x 10-5 |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | Steroid hormone | - | - |
| " | aged 1-4 yrs | - | 0.2-0.4 x 10-9 |
| " | aged 4-8 yrs | - | 0.1-1.9 x 10-9 |
| " | aged 8-10 yrs | - | 0.2-2.9 x 10-9 |
| " | aged 10-12 yrs | - | 0.5-9.2 x 10-9 |
| " | aged 12-14 yrs | - | 0.9-20 x 10-9 |
| " | aged 14-16 yrs | - | 2.5-20 x 10-9 |
| " | male | - | 0.8-10 x 10-9 |
| " | female, premenopausal | - | 2.0-15 x 10-9 |
| DHEA sulfate | male | - | 1.99-3.34 x 10-6 |
| DHEA sulfate | female | - | - |
| " | newborn | - | 1.67-3.64 x 10-6 |
| " | pre-pubertal children | - | 1.0-6.0 x 10-7 |
| " | premenopausal | - | 8.2-33.8 x 10-7 |
| " | pregnancy | - | 2.3-11.7 x 10-7 |
| " | postmenopausal | - | 1.1-6.1 x 10-7 |
| 11-Deoxycortisol | - | - | 1-7 x 10-8 |
| Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 3-8 x 10-9 |
| " | female | - | 1-10 x 10-10 |
| Diphosphoglycerate (phosphate) | - | 8-16 x 10-5 | - |
| DNA | The molecule of heredity | - | 0-1.6 x 10-5 |
| Dopamine | Neurotransmitter | - | <1.36 x 10-10 |
| Enzymes, total | - | - | <6 x 10-5 |
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | - | - | <1 x 10-11 |
| Epinephrine | Neurotransmitter | - | - |
| " | after 15 min rest | - | 3.1-9.5 x 10-11 |
| " | when emitted | 3.8 x 10-9 | 2-2.5 x 10-9 |
| Ergothioneine | - | 1-20 x 10-5 | - |
| Erythrocytes (#/cm3) | - | - | - |
| " | adult male, avg. (range) | 5.2 (4.6-6.2) x 109 | |
| " | adult female, avg. (range) | 4.6 (4.2-5.4) x 109 | |
| " | children, varies with age | 4.5-5.1 x 109 | |
| " | reticulocytes | 25-75 x 106 | |
| Erythropoietin | - | - | - |
| " | adult, normal | - | 0.5-2.5 x 10-10 |
| " | pregnant | - | 2.7-6.2 x 10-10 |
| " | hypoxia or anemia | - | 0.8-8.0 x 10-8 |
| Estradiol (E2) | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 8-36 x 10-12 |
| " | female, follicular(days 1-10) | - | 1-9 x 10-11 |
| " | female, mean | - | 5 x 10-11 |
| " | female, pre-fertile (days 10-12) | - | 10-15 x 10-11 |
| " | female, fertile (days 12-14) | - | 35-60 x 10-11 |
| " | female, luteal (days 15-28) | - | 20-40 x 10-11 |
| | female, pregnancy | - | 3-70 x 10-7 |
| | female, postmenopausal | - | 1-3 x 10-11 |
| Estriol (E3) | - | - | - |
| " | nonpregnant | - | <2 x 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | - | 3-5 x 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | - | 6-11 x 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | - | 25-170 x 10-9 |
| Estrogen | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 4-11.5 x 10-11 |
| " | female, prepubertal | - | <4 x 10-11 |
| " | female, 1-10 days | - | 6.1-39.4 x 10-11 |
| " | female, 11-20 days | - | 12.2-43.7 x 10-11 |
| " | female, 21-30 days | - | 15.6-35 x 10-11 |
| " | female, postmenopausal | - | <4 x 10-11 |
| Estrone (E1) | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 2.9-17 x 10-11 |
| " | female, follicular | - | 2-15 x 10-11 |
| " | female, 1-10 days of cycle | - | 4.3-18 x 10-11 |
| " | female, 11-20 days of cycle | - | 7.5-19.6 x 10-11 |
| " | female, 20-29 days of cycle | - | 13.1-20.1 x 10-11 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | - | 3-5 x 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | - | 5-6 x 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | - | 7-10 x 10-9 |
| Ethanol | - | - | - |
| " | social high | - | 0.5 x 10-3 |
| " | reduced coordination | - | 0.8 x 10-3 |
| " | depression of CNS | - | >1 x 10-3 |
| " | confusion, falling down | - | 2.0 x 10-3 |
| " | loss of consciousness | - | 3.0 x 10-3 |
| " | coma, death | - | >4 x 10-3 |
| Fat, neutral | see Triglycerides | - | - |
| Fatty acids, nonesterified (free) | | - | 8-25 x 10-5 |
| Fatty acids, esterified | - | 2.5-3.9 x 10-3 | 7-20 x 10-5 |
| Fatty acids, total | - | - | 1.9-4.5 x 10-3 |
| Ferritin | | - | |
| " | male | - | 1.5-30 x 10-8 |
| " | female | - | 0.9-18 x 10-8 |
| alpha-1-Fetoprotein | - | - | 0-2 x 10-8 |
| Flavine adenine dinucleotide | - | - | 8-12 x 10-8 |
| Fluoride | - | 1-4.5 x 10-7 | 1-4.5 x 10-7 |
| Folate | - | - | 2.2-17.3 x 10-9 |
| " | in erythrocyte | - | 1.67-7.07 x 10-7 |
| Folic acid | | 2.3-5.2 x 10-8 | 1.6-2 x 10-8 |
| Fructose | | 0-5 x 10-5 | 7-8 x 10-5 |
| Furosemide glucuronide | | - | 1-400 x 10-6 |
| Galactose (children) | | - | <2 x 10-4 |
| Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) | | - | <1.25-4.0 x 10-10 |
| Gastrin | | - | |
| " | mean | - | 7 x 10-11 |
| " | maximum | - | <20 x 10-11 |
| Globulin, | - | - | total 2.2-4 x 10-2 |
| alpha-1-Globulin | | - | 1-4 x 10-3 |
| alpha-2-Globulin | | - | 4-10 x 10-3 |
| beta-Globulin | | - | 5-12 x 10-3 |
| gamma-Globulin | | - | 6-17 x 10-3 |
| Glucagon | | - | |
| " | range | - | 5-15 x 10-11 |
| " | mean | - | 7.1-7.9 x 10-11 |
| Glucosamine | - | - | - |
| " | fetus | 4-6 x 10-4 | 4.2-5.5 x10-4 |
| " | child | 5-7 x 10-4 | 5.2-6.9 x 10-4 |
| " | adult | 6-8 x 10-4 | 6.1-8.2 x 10-4 |
| " | aged | 7-9 x 10-4 | 7.0-8.9 x 10-4 |
| Glucose | | - | |
| " | newborn | 2-3 x 10-4 | - |
| " | adult | 6.5-9.5 x 10-4 | 7-10.5 x 10-4 |
| " | diabetic | 14-120 x 10-4 | - |
| Glucuronic acid | 4.1-9.3 x 10-5 | 8-11 x 10-6 | |
| Glutamic acid | | - | 2-28 x 10-6 |
| Glutamine | | - | 4.6-10.6 x 10-5 |
| Glutathione, reduced | | 2.5-4.1 x 10-4 | 0 |
| Glycerol, free | | - | 2.9-17.2 x 10-6 |
| Glycine | | 1.7-2.3 x 10-5 | 8-54 x 10-6 |
| Glycogen | | 1.2-16.2 x 10-5 | 0 |
| Glycoprotein, acid | | - | 4-15 x 10-4 |
| cGMP | | - | 0.6-4.4 x 10-9 |
| Gonadotropic releasing hormone | | - | 1-80 x 10-12 |
| Guanidine | | 1.8-2.3 x 10-6 | - |
| Haptoglobin | | - | 3-22 x 10-4 |
| Hemoglobin | | 1.2-1.75 x 10-1 | 1-4 x 10-5 |
| " | newborn | 1.65-1.95 x 10-1 | - |
| " | children, varies with age | 1.12-1.65 x 10-1 | - |
| " | adult, male | 1.4-1.8 x 10-1 | - |
| " | adult, female | 1.2-1.6 x 10-1 | - |
| " | inside erythrocyte | ~3.3 x 10-1 | - |
| " | per red blood cell | 27-32 picograms | - |
| Hexosephosphate P | | 1.4-5 x 10-5 | 0-2 x 10-6 |
| Histamine | | 6.7-8.6 x 10-8 | - |
| Histidine | | 9-17 x 10-6 | 1.1-3.8 x 10-5 |
| Hydrogen ion(pH 7.4) | | 4 x 10-11 | - |
| beta-Hydroxybutyric acid | | 1-6 x 10-6 | 1-9 x 10-6 |
| 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids | | 4-10 x 10-8 | - |
| 17-Hydroxyprogesterone | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 20-250 x 10-11 |
| " | female, follicular | - | 20-80 x 10-11 |
| " | female, luteal | - | 80-300 x 10-11 |
| " | female, postmenopausal | - | 4-50 x 10-11 |
| " | female, child | - | 20-140 x 10-11 |
| | | - | |