The List of distinct cell types in the adult human body reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

Table of contents

1 Keratinizing Epithelial Cells 2 Wet Stratified Barrier Epithelial Cells 3 Exocrine Secretory Epithelial Cells 4 Hormone Secreting Cells 5 Epithelial Absorptive Cells (Gut, Exocrine Glands and Urogenital Tract) 6 Metabolism and Storage cells 7 Barrier Function Cells (Lung, Gut, Exocrine Glands and Urogenital Tract) 8 Epithelial Cells Lining Closed Internal Body Cavities 9 Ciliated Cells with Propulsive Function 10 Extracellular Matrix Secretion Cells 11 Contractile Cells 12 Blood and Immune System Cells 13 Sensory Transducer Cells 14 Autonomic Neuron Cells 15 Sense Organ and Peripheral Neuron Supporting Cells 16 Central Nervous System Neurons and Glial Cells 17 Lens Cells 18 Pigment Cell 19 Germ Cells 20 Nurse Cells 21 References

Keratinizing Epithelial Cells

• Epidermal keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell)
• Epidermal basal cell (stem cell)
• Keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails
• Nail bed basal cell (stem cell)
• Medullary hair shaft cell
• Cortical hair shaft cell
• Cuticular hair shaft cell
• Cuticular hair root sheath cell
• Hair root sheath cell of Huxley's layer
• Hair root sheath cell of Henle's layer
• External hair root sheath cell
• Hair matrix cell (stem cell)

Wet Stratified Barrier Epithelial Cells

• Surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
• basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
• Urinary epithelium cell (lining bladder and urinary ducts)

Exocrine Secretory Epithelial Cells

• Salivary gland mucous cell (polysaccharide-rich secretion)
• Salivary gland serous cell (glycoprotein enzyme-rich secretion)
• Von Ebner's gland cell in tongue (washes taste buds)
• Mammary gland cell (milk secretion)
• Lacrimal gland cell (tear secretion)
• Ceruminous gland cell in ear (wax secretion)
• Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (glycoprotein secretion)
• Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secretion)
• Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)
• Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland)
• Sebaceous gland cell (lipid-rich sebum secretion)
• Bowman's gland cell in nose (washes olfactory epithelium)
• Brunner's gland cell in duodenum (enzymes and alkaline mucus)
• Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm)
• Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components)
• Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion)
• Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion)
• Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion)
• Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion)
• Isolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (mucus secretion)
• Stomach lining mucous cell (mucus secretion)
• Gastric gland zymogenic cell (pepsinogen secretion)
• Gastric gland oxyntic cell (HCl secretion)
• Pancreatic acinar cell (bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion)
• Paneth cell of small intestine (lysozyme secretion)
• Type II pneumocyte of lung (surfactant secretion)
• Clara cell of lung

Hormone Secreting Cells

• Anterior pituitary cells
  • Somatotropes
  • Lactotropes
  • Thyrotropes
  • Gonadotropes
  • Corticotropes
• Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone
• Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
  • secreting oxytocin
  • secreting vasopressin
• Gut and respiratory tract cells secreting serotonin
  • secreting endorphin
  • secreting somatostatin
  • secreting gastrin
  • secreting secretin
  • secreting cholecystokinin
  • secreting insulin
  • secreting glucagon
  • secreting bombesin
• Thyroid gland cells
  • thyroid epithelial cell
  • parafollicular cell
• Parathyroid gland cells
  • Parathyroid chief cell
  • oxyphil cell
• Adrenal gland cells
  • secreting epinephrine
  • secreting norepinephrine
  • secreting steroid hormones (mineralcorticoids and gluco corticoids)
• Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone
• Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen
• Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone
• Kidney juxtaglomerular apparatus cell (renin secretion)
• Macula densa cell of kidney
• Peripolar cell of kidney
• Mesangial cell of kidney

Epithelial Absorptive Cells (Gut, Exocrine Glands and Urogenital Tract)

• Intestinal brush border cell (with microvilli)
• Exocrine gland striated duct cell
• Gall bladder epithelial cell
• Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
• Kidney distal tubule cell
• Ductulus efferens nonciliated cell
• Epididymal principal cell
• Epididymal basal cell

Metabolism and Storage cells

• Hepatocyte (liver cell)
• White fat cell
• Brown fat cell
• Liver lipocyte

Barrier Function Cells (Lung, Gut, Exocrine Glands and Urogenital Tract)

• Type I pneumocyte (lining air space of lung)
• Pancreatic duct cell (centroacinar cell)
• Nonstriated duct cell (of sweat gland, salivary gland, mammary gland, etc.)
• Kidney glomerulus parietal cell
• Kidney glomerulus podocyte
• Loop of Henle thin segment cell (in kidney)
• Kidney collecting duct cell
• Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.)

Epithelial Cells Lining Closed Internal Body Cavities

• Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial fenestrated cell
• Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial continuous cell
• Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial splenic cell
• Synovial cell (lining joint cavities, hyaluronic acid secretion)
• Serosal cell (lining peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities)
• Squamous cell (lining perilymphatic space of ear)
• Squamous cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
• Columnar cell of endolymphatic sac with microvilli (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
• Columnar cell of endolymphatic sac without microvilli (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
• Dark cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
• Vestibular membrane cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
• Stria vascularis basal cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
• Stria vascularis marginal cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
• Cell of Claudius (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
• Cell of Boettcher (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
• Choroid plexus cell (cerebrospinal fluid secretion)
• Pia-arachnoid squamous cell
• Pigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
• Nonpigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
• Corneal endothelial cell

Ciliated Cells with Propulsive Function

• Respiratory tract ciliated cell
• Oviduct ciliated cell (in female)
• Uterine endometrial ciliated cell (in female)
• Rete testis cilated cell (in male)
• Ductulus efferens ciliated cell (in male)
• Ciliated ependymal cell of central nervous system (lining brain cavities)

Extracellular Matrix Secretion Cells

• Ameloblast epithelial cell (tooth enamel secretion)
• Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular apparatus of ear (proteoglycan secretion)
• Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells)
• Loose connective tissue fibroblasts
• Corneal fibroblasts
• Tendon fibroblasts
• Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts
• Other nonepithelial fibroblasts
• Blood capillary pericyte
• Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc
• Cementoblast/cementocyte (tooth root bonelike cementum secretion)
• Odontoblast/odontocyte (tooth dentin secretion)
• Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte
• Fibrocartilage chondrocyte
• Elastic cartilage chondrocyte
• Osteoblast/osteocyte
• Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts)
• Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye
• Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear

Contractile Cells

• Red skeletal muscle cell (slow)
• White skeletal muscle cell (fast)
• Intermediate skeletal muscle cell
• nuclear bag cell of Muscle spindle
• nuclear chain cell of Muscle spindle
• Satellite cell (stem cell)
• Ordinary heart muscle cell
• Nodal heart muscle cell
• Purkinje fiber cell
• Smooth muscle cell (various types)
• Myoepithelial cell of iris
• Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands

Blood and Immune System Cells

• Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
• Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor)
• Monocyte
• Connective tissue macrophage (various types)
• Epidermal Langerhans cell
• Osteoclast (in bone)
• Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues)
• Microglial cell (in central nervous system)
• Neutrophil granulocyte
• Eosinophil granulocyte
• Basophil granulocyte
• Mast cell
• Helper T cell
• Suppressor T cell
• Cytotoxic T cell
• B cells
• Natural killer cell
• Reticulocyte
• Stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)

Sensory Transducer Cells

• Photoreceptor rod cell of eye
• Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cell of eye
• Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cell of eye
• Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cell of eye
• Auditory inner hair cell of organ of Corti
• Auditory outer hair cell of organ of Corti
• Type I hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear (acceleration and gravity)
• Type II hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear (acceleration and gravity)
• Type I taste bud cell
• Olfactory neuron
• Basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
• Type I carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)
• Type II carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)
• Merkel cell of epidermis (touch sensor)
• Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
• Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons
• Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons
• Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
• Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various types)

Autonomic Neuron Cells

• Cholinergic neural cell (various types)
• Adrenergic neural cell (various types)
• Peptidergic neural cell (various types)

Sense Organ and Peripheral Neuron Supporting Cells

• Inner pillar cell of organ of Corti
• Outer pillar cell of organ of Corti
• Inner phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
• Outer phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
• Border cell of organ of Corti
• Hensen cell of organ of Corti
• Vestibular apparatus supporting cell
• Type I taste bud supporting cell
• Olfactory epithelium supporting cell
• Schwann cell
• Satellite cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve cell bodies)
• Enteric glial cell

Central Nervous System Neurons and Glial Cells

• Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly classified)
• Astrocyte glial cell (various types)
• Oligodendrocyte glial cell

Lens Cells

• Anterior lens epithelial cell
• Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell

Pigment Cell

• Melanocyte
• Retinal pigmented epithelial cell

Germ Cells

• Oogonium/oocyte
• Spermatocyte
• Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte)

Nurse Cells

• Ovarian follicle cell
• Sertoli cell (in testis)
• Thymus epithelial cell

References

• Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 1999