Leviathan
Leviathan (Hebrew לויתן Livyatan or Liwyāthān, roughly meaning "twisted" or "coiled") was a Biblical multi-headed sea monster, referred to in passing in the Old Testament (Psalms 74:13-14; Job 41; Isaiah 27:1), probably referring to crocodile or whale. The word leviathan has become synonymous with any large monster or creature.
The Biblical leviathan is often considered to be a demon associated with Satan or the Devil, and held by some to be the same monster as Rahab (Isaiah 51:9). The Biblical references to leviathan appear to have evolved from a Canaanite legend involving a confrontation between Baal and a seven headed sea monster which Baal defeats with the aid of Mot, and they also resemble a Babylonian myth in which the storm god Marduk slays the sea monster Tiamat and creates the earth and sky from the two halves of her corpse.
In his book, In Search of Prehistoric Survivors, renowned cryptozoologist Dr. Karl Shuker considers the Leviathan to be a myth inspired, at least in part, by sightings of a Mosasaur-type sea monster. Bernard Heuvelmans, in his book In the Wake of Sea Serpents (Dans le silage des grande serpents marins (spelling?)) considered the entity to be of the "Marine centipede" type.
Legend has it that in the banquet after Armageddon, the carcass of the leviathan will be served as a meal, along with the behemoth and the ziz. Leviathan may also be interpreted as the sea itself, with its counterparts behemoth being the land and ziz being the air and aerospace.
Certain Jewish legends consider leviathan as an androgynous dragon that seduced Eve in his male form, and Adam in his female form.
In demonology a leviathan is every aquatic demon. They are great liars. Leviathans can also possess persons, being very difficult to exorcise; they try to possess every person, but especially women.
During sea-faring's Golden Age, European sailors saw Leviathan as gigantic whale-like sea monster, usually a sea serpent, that devoured whole ships by swimming around the vessles so quickly as to create a whirlpool.
The word has been reused (not only in literature) over and again:
- in the 1651 book Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes
- in the Illuminatus trilogy
- in Moby-Dick as a reference to the whale
- in the Final Fantasy games
- in the Farscape science fiction series (living spaceship)
- in the 1989 film Leviathan
- in the collectible card game as a creature card
- in Disney's Atlantis as a guardian construct of the Atlanteans.
- a 1992 novel by Paul Auster
- the 1920's-30's United States Lines ocean liner "SS Leviathan," world's biggest ship for nearly 20 years. Launched as the "Vaterland" by the Hamburg-America Line in 1913, seized from the Germans by the Americans in New York in 1917, renamed "Leviathan" by President Woodrow Wilson. Scrapped in 1936 in Scotland.
- A number
In Hebrew, leviathan also means a device for washing raw wool.
Picture data base of dragons. Article on Leviathan in this page
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