The Karaganda reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

Karaganda

Karaganda (Russian: Караганда) or Qaraghandy (Kazakh: Қарағанды) is the capital of the audany (Russian oblast) of the same name in Kazakstan. Pop. 437,000 (1999).

Karaganda was built as the industrial city using the slave work of prisoners of concentration camps.

It was the birthplace of Akhmad Kadyrov, the current president of the Chechen Republic.

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