The Holy Synod reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004
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Holy Synod

The Holy Synod was a congregation of Orthodox church leaders in Russia. It was established by Peter the Great in January 1721 to replace the Patriarchate of Moscow. It was abolished following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and replaced with a restored (though powerless) patriarchate.

The Holy Synod is also a ruling body of the Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church.