The Frederick Herzberg reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

Frederick Herzberg

Frederick Herzberg (1923 - 2000) proposed the Two Factor theory of human motivation. According to his theory people were influenced by two factors. Satisfaction and psychological growth was a factor of motivation factors. Dissatisfaction was a result of hygiene factors. Essentially, hygiene factors were needed to ensure an employee was not dissatisfied. In order to motivate an employee into higher performance motivation factors were needed.

Hygiene Factors include

• Working conditions
• Salary
• Status
• Security
• interpersonal relations

Motivation Factors Include

• Achievement
• Achievement Recognition
• Responsibility
• Advancement
• Growth

The combination of hygiene and motivation factors can result in four conditions.

• High Hygiene / High Motivation: The ideal situation where employees are highly motivated and have few complaints

• High Hygiene / Low Motivation: Employees have few complaints but are not highly motivated. "The job is a paycheck" situation

• Low Hygiene / High Motivation: Employees are motivated but have a lot of complaints. A situation where the job is exciting and challenging but salaries and work conditions are not up to par.

• Low Hygiene / Low Motivation: The worst situation. Unmotivated employees with lots of complaints.

External Link

• Herzberg's Theory of Motivation and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Also see Hawthorne effect - which throws light on the diffulties of measuring motivation

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