The Fieldwork reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004
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Fieldwork

Fieldwork refers to scientific activity conducted in the "field", outside the laboratory, of subject matter in an as-found state, by anthropologists, geologists, botanists, archaeologists or others who study the natural or human world. For instance, archaeological fieldwork may involve surveying, excavations, and mapping. In contrast, when not in the "field", archaeologists will perform library research, laboratory analysis, discussion, and documentation.

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