Extended technique
Extended technique is the term for contemporary of playing musical instruments not traditionally employed.Examples include:
- added electronics or MIDI control
- unusual bowinging technique: double stops and multiple stops, sul ponticello, sul tasto, Col legno
- breath technique or articulation: multiphonics, tonguing or flutter tonguing, continuous breathing or circular breathing, trumpet half-valve playing, humming while blowing, blowing a disengaged mouthpiece or reed, unusual mutes
- Sprechstimme (speech-singing)
- prepared piano
- Unusual harmonics, including multiphonics
- glissandi
- String microtones (vertical and linear)
- exaggerated tremolo
- exaggerated brass head-shakes
- activiating keys or valves without blowing
- tapping or rubbing the soundboard of stringed instruments
- composer Sofia Gubaidulina
- vocalist Joan La Barbara
- vocalist Shelley Hirsch
- vocalist and composer Meredith Monk
- composer and multireedist Joseph Celli
- pianist and composer David Tudor in his own work and in the prepared piano techniques of Cage and the New York School
- cellist and improviser Frances-Marie Uitti
Reading
- Stuart Dempster's The Modern Trombone: A Definition of Its Idioms, ASIN 0520032527.
- Patricia and Allen Strange's The Contemporary Violin, ISBN 0520224094, and other books in The New Instrumentation'' series.
- Bertram Turetzky's The Contemporary Contrabass ASIN 0520063813.