Duchy of Warsaw

The Duchy of Warsaw was a Polish state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807 from the Polish lands he seized from the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg Empire (Austria). The state was officially created by the Treaties of Tilsit.

In 1812 the duchy was upgraded to the Kingdom of Poland, and during Napoleon's march on Russia, it was joined with the liberated territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

After the fall of Napoleon, according to the Congress of Vienna (1815), the territory of the Duchy was divided into three parts:

• Congress Poland in personal union with Russia,
• Grand Duchy of Poznan in real union with Prussia
• Free City of Cracow (under protection of the three powers, but in 1848 annexed by Austria).