Canadian Alliance
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| Founded: | November 27, 2000 Reform Party founded in 1987 |
| Dissolved: | December 7, 2003 Merged with the PC Party into the Conservative Party |
| Colours: | Green and Blue |
The Canadian Alliance was the second largest party in Canada's House of Commons from 2000 to 2003. It was created out of the United Alternative initiative launched by the Reform Party as a vehicle to merge with the Progressive Conservatives. However, only some individual Tories joined the new party. The Progressive Conservative party itself rebuffed the initiative to unite the right until December of 2003, when both the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative party voted to disband their parties and integrate into a new party called the Conservative Party of Canada.
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2 Conservative Party of Canada 3 Party Leaders 4 See also 5 External link |
The Canadian Alliance was a right wing party, with strong grassroots and neoconservative leanings. It began officially in 1987 as the Reform Party of Canada. Initially it was motivated by the need for democratic reforms and by profound Western Canadian discontent with the Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney. Led by its founder Preston Manning, the Reform Party rapidly gained momentum in western Canada and sought to expand its base in the east. Manning, son of Ernest Manning premier of Alberta gained support partly from his father's old party, the Social Credit Party
With the collapse of a fragile Tory coalition composed of westerners, Ontarians and Quebec nationalists the Reform Party gained in prominence. The party achieved major successes in the 1993 Canadian federal election when it succeeded in replacing the Progressive Conservative Party as the leading voice in western Canada. Its platform and policies emphasized, inter alia, the rights and responsibilities of the individual, Senate and other democratic reforms, and smaller more fiscally responsible government. In the 1997 election the Reform Party was even more successful becoming Canada's official opposition, but the party still failed to present a true challenge to the Liberal government, mostly due to inadequate support in central and eastern Canada.
Thus Manning, and many other members of the Reform Party, as well as many Progressive Conservatives, elected to try to form a new party. In 2000 following the second of two 'United Alternative' conventions aimed at uniting Canadian conservatives under one banner the party voted to adopt the Alliance constitution and a new name - the Canadian Conservative Reform Alliance.
However, media covering the convention quickly pointed out that if one added the word "Party" to the end of the party's name, the resulting initials were CCRAP. When it became clear after a few days that the joke was not going to subside, the party's official name was quickly changed to the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance.
The federal PC party under Joe Clark refused to participate in these talks, but there was strong support from many provincial Tories, especially in Ontario and Alberta. Subsequently a leadership convention rejected Preston Manning, the founding head of the Reform Party, in favour of the younger, more charismatic Alberta treasurer Stockwell Day.
In 2000 the governing Liberals called a snap election that caught the Canadian Alliance off guard. Though disappointed with the election results in Ontario, the CA increased its presence to 66 MPs, including two MPs from Ontario. Nationally, the Party increased its popular vote to 25%. The Canadian Alliance remained the Official Opposition in the House of Commons. The Liberals retained their large majority and the Tories under Joe Clark remained in fifth place so the overall political landscape was not significantly changed.
However, the Alliance failure to win more seats in Ontario coupled with residual resentments from the Alliance leadership contest led to caucus infighting, which in the summer 2001 provoked a group of dissident MPs, led by Deborah Grey and Chuck Strahl, to quit the party and form their own parliamentary grouping, the Democratic Representative Caucus. The split forced Stockwell Day's resignation and in April 2002 Stephen Harper defeated Day at the subsequent Canadian Alliance leadership election.
Once Harper assumed the leadership most of the rebellious MPs rejoined the Alliance party. Two MPs did not rejoin, however: Inky Mark chose to remain outside of caucus, and eventually joined the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, and the scandal-plagued Jim Pankiw was rejected when he applied for readmission to the Alliance caucus.
On October 15, 2003, it was announced that the Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party would unite to form a new party called the Conservative Party of Canada. The union was ratified on December 5, 2003, (with 96% membership support) by the Canadian Alliance, and on December 6 by the Progressive Conservatives (with 90.04% membership support). On December 8 the party was officially registered with Elections Canada and on March 20, 2004, former Alliance leader Stephen Harper became leader of the new party.
It is not clear yet whether the new party will retain key elements of the Alliance's platform. In particular, the Alliance's Senate reform and conservative social policies are seen as roadblocks to national appeal.
Background
Conservative Party of Canada
Party Leaders
See also: Canadian Alliance leadership electionsSee also
Bloc Québécois, New Democratic Party, List of political parties in Canada, Politics of Canada