Ali Khamenei
Ayatollah Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei (Persian: سید علی خامنهای) (born July 15, 1939) is the supreme leader of Iran.
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei
He studied Islamic philosophy and became a teacher in it. He was a key figure in the Islamic revolution and a close confident of leader Ayatollah Khomeini. In 1981 he was elected President of Iran, and became the first cleric to serve in the office. Khomeini had originally wanted to keep clerics out of the presidency, but this view was compromised. Many saw Khamenei's presidency as a sign that Iran was abandoning any hopes for secularism, and becoming even more theocratic. Shortly after he assumed the presidency, Khamenei narrowly escaped an assassination attempt when a bomb, concealed in a tape recorder at a press conference, exploded just beside him. Khamenei was not seriously injured and only lost some functions of his right hand, but the event helped affirm his reputation as a "living martyr" among his followers.
He was re-elected to a second term in 1985. As a close ally of Khomeini, his term in office had few clashes with the Supreme Leader that would characterize many of Iran's later presidents. When Khomeini died, Khamenei was elected as the new Supreme Leader by the Assembly of Experts on June 4, 1989. Since Khamenei was originally not considered a high-ranking enough cleric to assume the office, and the new amendment to the constitution that allowed a cleric of his then status to be elected as the Supreme Leader were not put to the referendum yet, the Assembly internally titled him a temporary office holder until the new constitution became effective.
Khamenei's term as ruler has been marked by numerous clashes with reform-minded members of the Iranian parliament, who have contested many of his decrees and decisions. Many reform bills have been vetoed and many reformers has been barred from running for office by the Council of Guardians whose members are chosen directly or indirectly by Khamenei. This has led some radical elements to question his divine right to rule, a previously unthinkable notion. Khamenei has also maintained an aggressive stance towards Israel and the United States (and possibly other countries, which he calls by the general term the enemy), and in recent years there have been allegations that he has been supporting a covert nuclear weapons development project in Iran.