Akalabeth
Akalabeth, created in 1979 for the Apple II, is recognized as one of the first computer role-playing games and as a precursor of the Ultima series of games.The game was made in the summer of 1979 by then-teenaged Richard Garriott in the BASIC programming language for the Apple II while working at a Computerland retail store in Austin, Texas. Garriott briefly distributed the game himself in ziplock bags until California Pacific Computer Company bought the rights to it and published it. Akalabeth, Garriott's 28th game he produced in his high school years, became his first significant commercial game.
In creating Akalabeth, Garriott was primarily inspired by Dungeons & Dragons and the works of J. R. R. Tolkien. The game attempts to bring the gameplay of pen-and-paper role-playing games to the computer platform. Essentially, the player receives quests from Lord British to kill a succession of ten increasingly more difficult monsters. The name derives from Tolkien's AkallabÃÂêth, part of the The Silmarillion (though Garriott originally called it "D&D28b", the 28th Dungeons & Dragons-inspired game he made).
Naturally, Akalabeth's gameplay and graphics are very crude by modern standards, but this did not stop the game from attracting a large amount of attention. Its graphics were notable at the time though considering Garriott wrote it for the Apple II to take advantage of that computer's graphics capabilities. The game sold tens of thousands of copies, earning Garriott $5 USD each while he attended college.
Though not explicitly stated, Akalabeth is seen as the first game of the Ultima series, a very popular and influential series of computer role-playing games. It is, therefore, included as part of the Ultima Collection where it officially picked up the nickname Ultima 0.
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