Accusative case
The accusative case of a noun is the case used to mark the direct object of a verb. The same case is used in many languages for the objects of (some or all) prepositions.
The accusative case exists (or existed once) in all the Indo-European languages (including Latin, Sanskrit, Greek, German, Russian), in the Finno-Ugric languages, and in Semitic languages (including Arabic and Hebrew).
English, which lacks declension in its nouns, has an explicitly marked accusative case in a few pronouns. "Whom" is the accusative case of "who"; "him" is the accusative case of "he"; and "her" is the accusative case of "she". (These words also serve as the dative case pronouns in English and could arguably be classified in the oblique case instead; see Declension in English.)
Example: John threw the ball.
See Morphosyntactic alignment.