The 1815 reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference: snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)

1815

Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century

Decades: 1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s - 1810s - 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s

Years: 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 - 1815 - 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820

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Table of contents

1 Events 2 Year in topic 3 Births 4 Deaths 5 Heads of states

Events

• January 3 - Austria, Britain, and France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.
• January 8 - War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans
• February 3 - The first commercial cheese factory is founded (Switzerland).
• February 6 - New Jersey grants the first American railroad charter to a John Stevens.
• February 26 - Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba
• March 1 - Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
• March 16 - Willem I becomes King of the Netherlands
• March 20 - Napoleon enters Paris after escaping from Elba with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000 beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.
• April 12 - Mount Tambora in the Dutch East Indies blows its top during an eruption event that started on April 5. 92,000 are killed during this eruption. The event is the cause of 1816 becoming known as the Year Without A Summer.
• June 18 - Battle of Waterloo ends the Napoleonic wars.
• June 22 - Napoleon abdicates again, restoration of Louis XVIII as King of France
• July 17 - In France, Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort to British forces.
• October 15 - Napoleon I of France begins his exile on St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.

Year in topic

• 1815 in literature
• 1815 in music
• 1815 in science

Births

• January 11 - John A. Macdonald, first Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1891)
• February 15 - Constantin von Tischendorf, Biblical scholar
• April 1 - Otto von Bismarck, German statesman
• April 1 - Edward Clark, governor of Texas (d. 1880)
• April 6 - Robert Volkmann, composer
• April 24 - Anthony Trollope, British author
• October 16 - Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (d. 1905)
• November 12 - Elizabeth Cady Stanton, women's rights activist
• December 21 - Thomas Couture, French painter & teacher

Deaths

• February 24 - Robert Fulton, inventor, perfected the steamboat.
• March 4 - Frances Abington - English actress
• March 5 - Franz Mesmer, developer of hypnotism
• December 7 - Michel Ney, a marshal of the French army, execution by firing squad

Heads of states

• China - Jiaqing Emperor of China, Qing Dynasty (February 9, 1796 to September 2, 1820)
• Denmark - Frederick VI, King of Denmark (1808-1839)
• France - Louis XVIII, King of France (1814-1824)
• Norway - Charles II, King of Sweden and King of Norway (November 4, 1814 to February 5, 1818)
• Ottoman Empire - Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808-1839)
• Prussia - Frederick William III, King of Prussia (1797-1840)
• Spain - Ferdinand VII, King of Spain (1813-1833)
• Russia - Alexander I, Tsar of Russia (1801-1825)
• United States - James Madison, President of the United States (March 4, 1809 to March 4, 1817)

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