1654

April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War.
June 6 - Queen Christina of Sweden abdicates after selling large amounts of crown property to support the 500 nobles she created. She leaves dressed in men's clothes under the name Count Dohna and settles in Rome. She is succeeded by her cousin Charles X of Sweden.
September 3 - In the English Parliament, the republican party question Cromwell's pre-eminence
September 12 - Oliver Cromwell orders the exclusion of the members of Parliament who are hostile to him
October 12 - Carel Fabritius, the most promising student of Rembrandt, dies aged 32 in an explosion at the arsenal at Delft
Twenty-three Jewish refugees from Brazil settle in New Amsterdam, forming the nucleus of what would be the largest urban Jewish community in history, the Jewish community of New York City.
The Ukrainian Bogdan Chmielnicki renounces Ukrainian independence and swears allegiance to Tsar Alexis of Russia
The Russian Army seizes Smolensk, and war starts between Russia and Poland over the Ukraine
Otto von Guericke proves the existence of atmospheric pressure

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